Dynamic Microphone or Condenser Microphone?

Dynamic and condenser microphones are the two most common types of microphones used for recording vocals and instruments, and they each have distinct characteristics that make them suitable for different applications.

1. Key Differences in Design and Functionality

• Dynamic Microphones:

  • Use a diaphragm attached to a coil of wire, which moves within a magnetic field to generate an electrical signal.

  • More rugged and durable.

  • Do not require external power (phantom power).

  • Less sensitive to subtle sound details but handle high sound pressure levels (SPL) well.

• Condenser Microphones:

  • Use a diaphragm that is part of a capacitor, requiring external power (phantom power or a battery) to operate.

  • More sensitive to sound and capture a wider frequency range.

  • Less durable than dynamic mics and can be affected by humidity and physical shock.

  • Typically provide more detailed and nuanced recordings.

2. Recording Vocals

• Dynamic Microphones for Vocals:

  • Best for live performances and aggressive vocal styles (e.g., rock, metal, rap).

  • Examples: Shure SM58, Electro-Voice RE20.

  • Less sensitive to ambient noise, making them ideal for untreated rooms.

• Condenser Microphones for Vocals:

  • Preferred for studio recordings due to their clarity and ability to capture subtle nuances.

  • Ideal for softer, more detailed vocal performances (e.g., pop, jazz, classical).

  • Examples: Neumann U87, Rode NT1-A.

  • More prone to picking up background noise and room reflections.

3. Recording Instruments

• Dynamic Microphones for Instruments:

  • Best for loud sources like guitar amplifiers, drums (snare, toms, kick drum), and brass instruments.

  • Handle high SPLs without distortion.

  • Common choices: Shure SM57 (for snare drums, guitar amps), Sennheiser e609 (for guitar cabs).

• Condenser Microphones for Instruments:

  • Best for acoustic instruments (guitar, piano, strings), cymbals, and overhead drum recording.

  • Provide a more natural and full-spectrum sound.

  • Small-diaphragm condensers (e.g., AKG C451, Neumann KM184) are great for capturing detailed transients.

  • Large-diaphragm condensers (e.g., AKG C414) are great for room miking or studio-quality instrument recordings.

Which One Should You Use?

• If you need durability and rejection of background noise, go for a dynamic microphone.

• If you need clarity, sensitivity, and detail, a condenser microphone is the better choice, especially in a controlled studio environment.